High Order PSK Signaling (HOPS)
Secure, low-latency, frequency-agile communications using arbitrary-phase noise-like spread-spectrum signaling.
Noise-like signaling with purposeful agility.
HOPS is built around short, low-duty-cycle bursts that combine a variable-length payload with metadata-driven waveform parameters. Those parameters can change burst-to-burst, enabling agile destinations, codes, frequencies, and modulation characteristics without requiring a continuously active link.
At the transmitter, key- and timing-derived residue values initialize the sequence-generation process that drives spread-spectrum modulation. At the receiver, locally generated sequence information supports rapid burst acquisition through a fallthrough correlator, followed by peak detection, demodulation, despreading, and decoding.
The conceptual block diagram below shows the signal flow published in 2018.
Frequency agility across the 2.400–2.500 GHz band.
Exemplary spectrum-analyzer capture.
The HOPS signal appears as time-varying band-limited white-noise signal burst. While shown here at the output of the transmitter, the intended operating point is -15 dBc (i.e., below the receiver’s noise floor).
Designed to go beyond the limits of conventional IoT protocols.
| Protocol | Data Throughput | Latency | Security | Resilience | Scalability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bluetooth | 125 kbps–2 Mbps | ~3–200 ms (variable) | Weak | Weak | ~10s |
| Zigbee | ~20–250 kbps | ~15–100 ms | Medium | Weak | ~10s |
| LoRaWAN | ~0.3–50 kbps | ~1–100 ms | Medium | Moderate | 1000s |
| Z-Wave | ~9.6–100 kbps | 10s of ms | Medium-High | Moderate | 100s |
| NB-IoT | ~20–200 kbps | ~100 ms–seconds (<10 s worst case) | High | Low | 1000s |
| HOPS | 0.01–250 kbps | 0.4–2.5 ms | Military-grade* | High* | 100s* |
*HOPS is supported in two configurations, one for defense/critical infrastructure applications and the second one for industrial IoT.
From fieldable prototypes to compact modules.
A roadmap toward lower SWaP and cost.
$25K / 3600 in³$20K / 2500 in³$5K / 700 in³
$3K / 180 in³Target: $1.0K / ~1 in³